Soil Erosion is No Joke. Land degradation is a process in which value of land is affected by human activities.2. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil; it is a form of soil degradation.This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, and animals (including humans).In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial erosion, snow erosion, wind (aeolean) erosion . The study states that almost two billion tons of farmland are lost to soil erosion every year resulting in loss of food crops and income. (a) CO 2 (b) CO (c) SO 2 (d) NO 2 Ans : (a . Soil degradation is the physical, chemical and biological decline in soil quality. Land degradation by soil erosion is still one of the most severe environmental issues of our time. Estimates of global and regional land area affected are tentative and subjective. The top layer of soil gets continuously eroded by various natural agents like air and water; Excessive erosion can be due to overgrazing, deforestation, mining, etc. Also Read: What is Soil? The key to managing and reducing soil erosion is to rehabilitate already-damaged land, stop further degradation and put erosion-preventative measures at the core of land management policy. Major causes of soil degradation. Land degradation, particularly soil erosion, is complicated by a wide range of biophysical and socioeconomic factors, making it challenging to quantify using a few basic measures . When food no longer grows on land, life moves on. Total area affected by land degradation (Mha) 34.7 58.0 187.7 Cost of soil erosion in lost nutrients (Rs billion) 18.0 33.3 98.3 Cost of soil erosion in lost production (Rs billion) 67.6 124.0 361.0 Cost of salinization, alkalinization and waterloggingin lost production (Rs billion) 7.6 - 87.6 Soil erosion is the process of wind and water moving soil particles from one location and transporting and depositing them elsewhere. Attaviroj, S. 1986. Develop. It is the natural process of wearing away of the topsoil, but human activities have accelerated the process. Main agents of soil erosion are (1) Water, (2) Wind, (3) Waves and (4) Glaciers; Removal of the top layer of soil by various means, which . Land degradation is a broader definition which includes degradation due to pollution, wind erosion etc.Soil erosion:1. Abstract. According to a Pereira and Muñoz-Rojas (2017) synthesis, soil erosion is one of the major causes, evidence of, and key variables used to assess and understand land degradation. The impact of soil erosion is intensified on sloping land, where often more than half of the surface soil is carried away as the water splashes downhill into valleys and waterways. This is the easiest way to prevent soil erosion. (Continued) (c) soil erosion and degradation (d) All of the above Ans : (d) All of the above The indiscriminate destruction of forest cover leads to problems like habitat loss, ecological imbalance that cause floods and draughts, soil erosion and degradation, etc. Define soil erosion. This erosion is the dominant form of soil degradation (Troeh et al., 1991; Oldeman, 1997). It manifests itself in three different forms: physical : compaction, desertification, and soil erosion (which is the largest contributor to productivity loss) chemical : soil acidification and salinization. Soil Erosion. The degree of soil degradation varies from place to place according to the topography, wind velocity, and amount of rainfall. Land Degradation and Its Causes Proper soil management is a ba-sis for society's long term social and economic development. Soil erosion is an extreme form of soil degradation in which the natural geomorphological process accelerated so that soil is removed at a rate of ten and sometimes several thousand times faster than is the case under the condition of natural vegetation and much faster than the rate at which new soil forms. Important physical properties linked to soil quality, fertility and productivity include soil texture, structure, porosity . 23: 310-321 (2012) Published online 23 March 2012 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2147 SOIL EROSION ASSOCIATED WITH AN UPLAND FARMING SYSTEM UNDER POPULATION PRESSURE IN NORTHEAST INDIA P. PROKOP1* AND G. J. PORĘBA2 1 Department of Geoenvironmental Research, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization . In addition to erosion, soil quality is affected by other aspects of agriculture. Soil erosion is the most serious precursor of soil degradation that comes with global implications. Globally, soil erosion, chemical deterioration and physical degradation are the important parts amongst various types of soil degradation. Humans, however, Land Degradation and Its Causes Proper soil management is a ba-sis for society's long term social and economic development. Land degradation hazards include wind and water erosion, loss of soil carbon, nutrient decline mass movement, soil structure decline, acid sulphate soils and soil acidification. Land degradation refers to human-derived processes which lead to the decline in ecosystem functions [2]. With a high rate of population growth, subsistence-based rural economy, and increasingly intense rainfall events in the monsoon season, Nepal is prone to several forms of land degradation, such as floods, landslides, and soil erosion. These elements contribute to a significant amount of soil quality depreciation annually. The cause of the erosion is over grazing due to goats and other livestock. Land Degradation. A major type of land degradation is soil erosion. what is termed sheet erosion. This region is located between 1;044′ and 20°20′ N lat. Soil erosion is a consequence of unsustainable land use and other disturbances, such as fire, mining, or intensive agricultural uses. Sustainable forest management efforts and reforestation schemes are key to combating soil degradation. It means that a piece of land has lost all its vegetation, wildlife, and all its water supplies — it basically has been turned into . This review is focused on factors affecting soil erosion and degradation and how to control and mitigate them. Soil erosion leads to soil degradation. SE occurs when soil components are moved from one place to another. Most determinations of the extent of land degradation (e.g. introduced practices of soil conservation. Soil Erosion in the United States. What is soil and soil degradation? I AND DEGRADATION_mostly due to soil erosion, mineral depletion, and urbanization_is becoming a major problem worldwide. Following are the important causes of . Google Scholar Soil erosion refers to the removal of top soil which is considered to be most fertile.2. Erosion is a natural occurrence, shaping sand dunes, creating river deltas, or carving out enormous rock features like the Grand Canyon. Soil explained and soil erosion explanation. Deforestation in the Lake Bogoria area is a serious threat as it leads to a drop in the water table and . Soil degradation describes what happens when the quality of soil declines and diminishes its capacity to support animals and plants. the main agents of soil erosion: wind, water, human activities. When land degrades, it destroys habitats and decreases the amount . This is indeed the most visible effect of soil degradation, but does not cover all of its aspects. Soil degradation is the loss of physical, chemical, and biological qualities of the soil either by human activity or natural processes. Soil Erosion is one form of soil degradation. Currently, the full scope of the problem is hidden because lost vitality is compensated for by intensified use and increased application of artificial fertilizers.In the end, these strategies only exacerbate the problem, leading to a total collapse of soil viability. Soil Erosion is a common term that is often confused with soil degradation as a whole, but in fact refers only to absolute soil losses in terms of topsoil and nutrients. Soil erosion is a part of soil degradation. Soil erosion is a continuous process that occurs either slowly or at an alarming rate. Thus, soil conservation is vital to the achievement of food security, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability in the country (Woldeamlak, 2007). The 1. Half of the topsoil on the planet has been lost in the last 150 years. Soil is the foundation of life. Causes for land and soil degradation can differ from country to country (geographic region to region), in urban vs rural areas, and on agricultural vs non agricultural land. INTRODUCTION. STUDY. Moreover, the severity of land and soil degradation depends on . Editorial Soil Erosion and Land Degradation Thomas Scholten * and Steffen Seitz Soil Science and Geomorphology, Institute of Geography, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany; steffen.seitz@uni-tuebingen.de * Correspondence: thomas.scholten@uni-tuebingen.de Received: 15 October 2019; Accepted: 16 October 2019; Published: 22 October 2019 Land degradation by soil erosion is still one . One of the topics studied in GCSE Geography is soil erosion and degradation. Soil erosion is a natural process in mountainous areas, but is often made much worse by poor management practices. Desertification is a loss of more than 10 percent of productivity due to erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, overgrazing, drought, salt buildup, climate change, depletion of water sources, and other factors. What sort of human activities lead to soil erosion? A combination of shallow rooting systems, like grasses, along with deeper rooting systems, like some trees and bushes, will provide the best results. Sustainable land use can help to reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock, preventing soil degradation and erosion and the loss of valuable land to desertification. Qualitative data on socioeconomic factors and how farmers perceive . Problems of soil erosion and degradation in Maharashtra. Soil Erosion: It is defined as the removal of topsoil cover that has organic matter or nutrients essential for plant growth. Soil Erosion and Degradation in the Southern Piedmont of the USA R. B. DANIELS 12.1 INTRODUCTION S. W. Trimble in 1974 and 1975 published two important papers on soil erosion in the southern Piedmont of the United States. Soil erosion; Decline of soil fertility; Water logging; Salinity; Shifting cultivation; Soil erosion: Among the agents, water is considered as the main cause of soil erosion. Soil Erosion and Degradation Soil Erosion and Degradation PA Standards 4.2.12.C: Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources 4.4.10.B: Agriculture and Society The nation . Soil degradation is a global process. While water erosion continues to be the most serious cause of soil degradation globally, innovative strategies that remediate important soil functions can restore the productivity of eroded soils. Soil degradation means the physical, chemical, and biological decline in soil quality. Soil erosion is a major worldwide threat to agro-ecosystem sustainability and land productivity. Qualitative data on socioeconomic factors and how farmers perceive . The main effects of land degradation can be soil erosion, salinization, acidification, and alkalization of the land, and finally desertification. 2. Agroforestry and permaculture soil intro. on the Economics of Dryland Degradation and Rehabilitation, 10-14 March 1986, Canberra Australia, Annex. By planting more vegetation, you're creating root systems that will help to stabilize the soil bed. Without plant and tree cover, erosion happens much more easily. Overgrazing decreases protective cover and leaves a soil vulnerable to water and wind erosion. Soil degradation can involve; Water erosion (includes sheet, rill and gully erosion) Wind erosion. Soil resource degradation is Humans are no different, yet our short historical attention span has shown us to forget this pattern. The health of soil is a primary concern to farmers and the global community whose livelihoods depend on well managed agriculture that starts with the dirt beneath our feet. Some of the major types of land degradation include soil erosion, soil contamination (one form of land pollution), desertification, soil acidification, and soil salinity. Deforestation in Paraguay is thought to have been reduced by 65 per cent within two years of the enactment of its 2004 Zero Deforestation Law - though it remains a huge problem . Soil degradation (physical, biological, chemical) is unfavorable process, resulting in the soil losing its organic matter - humus accumulated earlier, leading towards decrease of soil fertil- Deforestation is one of the leading causes of soil erosion and a significant cause of degradation and desertification in SSA. Land and environmental degradation is the number one cause of life migration. As a natural process, soil degradation can be enhanced or dampened by a variety of human activities such as inappropriate agricultural management, overgrazing, deforestation, etc. Yet, its extent, severity, and economic and environmental impacts are debatable. Identify some agricultural practices that exacerbate soil erosion-farming Soil degradation examples include a decline in soil fertility, adverse changes in alkalinity, acidity or salinity, extreme flooding, use of toxic soil pollutants, erosion, and deterioration of the soil's structural condition. GLASOD) have been made on the basis of "exper … In addition compaction, loss of soil structure, loss of . Soil Erosion and Degradation. Konkan Region. Vulnerable communities affected by land degradation require better policies to combat the problem. with a longitudinal distance of 500 krns and a width of 15-20 kms. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. PLAY. erosion as well as soil degradation. It is an insidious process removing the most productive soil layer first and able to cause . It occurs in almost all types of lands. The photograph of wind erosion from the Dust Bowl era (Figure 6.3) provides a graphic illustration of land degradation. Causes of Soil Erosion. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Soil degradation is the main factor leading to the depleting soil resource base in India. As erosion wears down the soil and the land, its ability to support plant life decreases. Land degradation is a broader definition which includes degradation due to pollution . Wind erosion can occur when soil is dry and loose, the surface is bare and smooth, and the landscape has few physical barriers to wind. - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Water and Wind are two key sources of soil erosion. In this way, we can help prevent hunger and mitigate the climate crisis. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. Desertification is the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert. Degraded soil means less food. Land degradation currently affects 1.9 billion hectares globally or about 65 . Soil erosion-movement of soil components, especially surface litter and topsoil, from one place to another, by the action of wind and water. Flowing water, rainwater, and the wind are the prime agents which cause a significant amount of soil loss each year. Soil erosion is a part of soil degradation. It is defined as the displacement of the upper layer of soil and is in itself a form of soil degradation. Too much of soil erosion causes serious loss of topsoil and also reduces crop production potential, lower surface water quality, and damaged . It can be the loss of organic matter, decline in soil fertility, and structural condition, erosion, adverse changes in salinity, acidity or alkalinity, and the effects of toxic chemicals, pollutants or excessive flooding. Which one of the following is a greenhouse gas? Soil erosion is a part of land degradation.Land Degradation1. Land degradation resulting from various natural and anthropogenic activities including the loss of organic matter, decline in soil fertility, erosion, and the effects of toxic chemicals is a serious global environmental problem and it may be triggered by climate change (DeFries et al., 2012; Lal, 1997). Soil Erosion & Desertification. A significant potential impact of climate change on soil erosion and sediment generation is associated with the change from snowfall to rainfall. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, animals, and humans. Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. It comprises of four districts, namely Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Thane and Raigad. Besides, soil erosion is a major contributor to the prevailing food insecurity of Ethiopia. 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